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This work that I offer you is not a new translation of the Dhammapada. It is a series of reflections stimulated by the Dhammapada (translated by F. Max Muller in Lin Yutang's edited The Wisdom of China and India, New York, Random House, 1942). I hope you find these loosely-related thoughts useful. You might wish to compare these reflections with the prescriptive original.
No matter how advanced our medical science, no matter how many vitamins we take, no matter how well we exercise, no matter how deep our spiritual presence, no matter our wealth and fame, we all grow old and die. If you aim to master yourself you have this lifetime in which to do it. You can't fix anyone else, only yourself. The tool you possess to repair yourself is your mind/body. But you must acquire the knowledge and skill to use your tool effectively.
Special satisfaction comes from doing yourself well. Look about you and you may find rivals, adversaries, competitors. You may find others possessing more things and more resources than you do. Others may have better bodies and better looks and better education and better jobs and better houses and better cars and bigger bank accounts.
Anger, greed, lust, fear and other emotions will arise in your mind. They are natural elements of human experience. They attempt to drive your mind/body. You can control whether and how they are expressed in action. The more you express an emotion unwisely, the more it takes over your mind/body. The more you regulate with awareness and conscious purpose the expression of feelings the more you skillfully direct your life. It is as simple, and as difficult, as that.
Judge other humans not by how much they appear on talk shows, not by how often their faces appear in magazines or their names appear on ballots and academic journals, not by the size of their companies or prestige of their families or international contacts. Judge them on the skill with which they channel the expression of their thoughts and feelings. Watch what they do.
When winning makes someone a loser there is the potential for future trouble. When winning and losing don't matter, when some purpose goes beyond winning and losing, there is less potential for future trouble. When all can be winners there is no trouble.
Those who consider themselves to be abused victims or vengeful executioners generate their own pain. The cure for hatred is not revenge but kind deeds. Winners die, too.
Look about you! Those who live their lives well are planted firmly in the presence of passion and circumstance. Those who live for drugs bounce around like rubber balls. There are drugs that are not chemical.
If you think that truth is relative, subjective, personal you may be philosophically correct, but you will do well to act as though truth is absolute. Anchor yourself in reality. Minds create sand castles in order to acquire sand. Beware!
Those with hazy goals and muddled methods of achieving them will be readily distracted. Reality keeps sending authentic goals and proper means. Watch for them!
When we recognize the suffering we cause others we suffer, too. Even the humans labeled "sociopath" and "psychopath" suffer in this way, all the while denying their hurt. Don't be fooled! Hell-moments are readily available for a sharp word or a turned back or an unreturned phone call.
You know that there is satisfaction in doing your best, doing what you know to be right, doing your life purposefully. You know that a life of self-oriented purposes alone are unsatisfactory. You know that you did not and cannot achieve all your goals. Delight comes from both doing well and having done well.
For all the fancy talk about being, you are what you do.
Pay attention to your life. Those who go through life on automatic miss living. They are the breathing dead.
You know what deeds are right and proper. Do them. You may forget or ignore or deny what is right, but you know. You cannot control others or the outcome of your deeds or many circumstances of life. But you can control your response to what reality sends you. That control alone is the bedrock for triumphant living. It is yours.
Watch the appearances and disappearances of famous people. Watch public opinion oscillate. Watch confidence and despair trade abodes. Watch the spotlights shift and the sniper scopes focus. Pedestals provide good targets. Don't be misguided. Some facades of righteousness conceal stupidity and evil. Seduce yourself with wisdom. Payday is today; the paycheck is in hand.
Direct your body in order to affect your thoughts. Your eyes and ears and fingers and legs create circumstances for thinking. Even now reading generates thoughts. Gluttony generates thoughts about food. Runners think about running. Buying elicits thoughts about prices and availability. Of course.
Then thinking generates action. But the on-ramp is behavior. You engage the behavior-thought spiral by driving your body through the freeway entrance. You exit the same way. Thoughts without supplemental action will eventually fade. Thoughts may reappear temporarily, but they fade again without behavioral fuel.
Knowledge can influence behavior. But unless the knowledge is put into action it is like unread books and uninstalled software. Initialize your behavior intelligently. Do not sit idle.
However much you hate or love, fail or succeed, decline or develop, your body will become obsolete, inoperable, abandoned. Maintain your life equipment well; use it wisely. Allow others to build their lives on your platform.
Do you really know what success is? You are going to die, of course. Success is a life looked back on with satisfaction and gratitude. Success is built on a life that responded appropriately to what reality presented to it. Is you life like that?
Pay attention to the details of your own life without distracting yourself by criticizing others. Compulsive control of every situation is a way of escaping, diverting attention from fitting yourself to the moment. Fine talk can be a detour around action. Beware the force of the wind. Don't be a kite without a string.
Possibilities are endless. Making possibilities into actualities requires action. Whatever your childhood experiences, whatever your credit rating, whatever your educational background, you alone can make your life an effective response to reality. Don't sleep while the phone is ringing!
Choose your companions well. This advice includes your television and Internet companions. Filling your mind with sixth grade contacts will keep your mind at a sixth grade level.
You don't own your children or even your financial assets. They were given to you in trust, just as your own bodymind was given to you in trust. Take care of these gifts from reality. The ways in which you continue to receive reality's benevolence are myriad and complex. There is no way you can recognize all your detailed inheritance. Give it a try anyway. One starting place is to consider the people whose efforts allow you to read these words--teachers, relatives, authors, the founders of language and printing, your ancestors, and so on. If you began and finished the above exercise in less than a minute it is unlikely that this book will be of value to you. Go play in the sand.
Keep on doing what you know to be right. Sometimes you will reap expected rewards, sometimes not. Whatever the outcome, you will have done well. The results of our actions are complex, with ripple effects, sometimes much delayed. Thinking, by itself, doesn't directly effect the world; action does. Right action is reward in itself. While on the way to riches or fame or power or degrees or proficiency in life the hair keeps growing, the fingernails keep elongating, wrinkles keep progressing. Don't ignore reality.
Weigh the advice you receive on the scales of experience. Listen carefully to the advice and to what may lie behind it. Thank your advisor. However, you have no obligation to follow the advice you receive from others. Circumstances advise, too. History advises, too. Your body advises, too. It is always necessary to act on incomplete information, but use what you can. Your actions then become advice.
You are free to suggest, advise, command. Others are free to accept, ignore, defy. All attempts to influence involve costs. All responses to influence involve costs. While considering costs, while anticipating rewards, do what you decide needs doing. When in doubt reexamine your purposes. Purposes and goals are marked maps for the lost traveler.
Life's suffering ends when you die--by definition. Those who move smoothly from purpose to purpose may appear to be trackless, like birds in the air. Those who know their passions and shortcomings well can modify their purposes accordingly. No one cuts all ties, renounces all desires, lives without temptation. But it is possible to exist thoughtfully and sensitively with all that static. Tune it to goals. Aim at your mission targets.
Words are gifts, too. Offer your best gifts to others. They are the giftwrap and the gift itself. Truthful gifts that provoke thought are especially valuable. Showy gifts reflect poorly on the giver and recipient. Flowery gifts waste everyone's time.
You are gifted with life. Use it well. Even as you give yourself away you are merely passing along a gift. The quality of this life gift depends on how it is used. Put your life to good use by working on your debt to the givers of your life. The size of the gift is less important than the quality and the care with which it is put to use.
Move straightforwardly toward your goals. Distractions are intruding goals. Distractions, like feelings, contain information and so should neither be discounted nor fixated upon.
When you make a mistake, when you do something that by your lights is wrong, immediately turn to your next purpose. What needs doing next? Correcting the mistake or righting the wrong may well be what needs doing next. Keep on doing what is right by your own standards. Thus you accumulate a history of doing right. Thus you develop an upright character.
Sometimes mistakes and evil deeds are rewarded and good deeds are punished. No one guarantees just results. Nevertheless, to flit with any breeze to attain your goals will leave you scattered and dissipated. Whatever the results you are responsible for your actions.
Bad associates don't cause bad behavior. Bad upbringing doesn't cause bad behavior. Race or economic conditions or social status or genetic makeup don't cause bad behavior. You are responsible for what you do.
In the end death happens to us. In the end death happens.
For all your faith in something, the intimate details of death are unknown. Such obscurity generates somber concern for everyone. Ignore others' craving for life at your own peril. You owe your life to them.
You don't expel anger by expressing it. You don't discharge terror by screaming. You don't dissolve greed by grasping. Do not be deceived. Shouting begets shouting; complaining begets misery; clutching begets fear.
Feel the feelings and do what is right. Observe feelings as they fade with time. Restimulating feelings actually creates new feelings similar to the old ones. Time cannot be restimulated; you can't go home to emotions again. You always lean toward tomorrow.
Desires outpace their human vehicles. Perfection is candy of the mind. Nevertheless, keep molding the you-clay; show good workmanship in your sculpture. You are Reality's art work.
Something pulls us toward the best. Something prevents us from giving up. Something provokes dissatisfaction--with ourselves, with others, with this situation now. Roots planted in mortality we stretch toward the sky.
Rich or poor, famous or unknown, hardy or frail we play in a deadly game with no clear final winning chance. Still we play with vigor, aiming for as many points as possible before time is called and the game ends. We lose ourselves in the playing. We give ourselves to the match. We strive for moments of victory.
Desires arise, but they need not dominate our behavior. Thanks to desires we play life's game with fervor. Only corpses are free of desires. Only the living have desires and disappointments. There are rules to this life game.
What does it mean to conquer mind with mind? Where does the conquering spirit come from, from mind? Can't you see the gift? The origin must come from outside, if such there be.
Teaching others we are instructed. Guiding others we are guided. There is no giving without receiving.
We exhaust ourselves trying to hide our wicked deeds from ourselves and others. Reality is not fooled. We become what we eat. You cannot eat for me; I cannot eat for you.
For whose convenience do you eat? For whose convenience do you bathe and stand and sweep and nod and cook and smile? For whose convenience do you read? You become what you ingest.
You construct yourself moment by moment. Each moment leaves its mark. The cumulative effect is you. No time out.
Laws are made by humans with human interests in mind. You must decide what is right and wrong. When breaking the law you must be prepared to face the consequences if discovered. Laws change. You change. Do what the you-now considers right. Don't second-guess the you-then or the you-tomorrow.
There are other perspectives on reality besides yours. Your view is not always correct. Make efforts to see the world through others' eyes, especially when conflict occurs. But, in the end, you see through your own eyes.
The earth keeps turning and so do you. Change in inevitable. Now is the time to make directed change in your life. Do what is right now. Apologize and make restitution for past wrongs. We are all debtors.
Recognition of right and wrong is given to you. The ability to make restitution is given to you. The energy to do right is given to you. We cannot take full credit even for doing good.
Habits are built on single acts repeated. Bad habits and good habits are thus. New habits are built on single acts repeated. Will you slide or climb?
Doing Reality's bidding is holiness.
Strength comes from leaning against life's obstacles. An easy life is merely one in which challenges are ignored.
Patience is optional; waiting is required. Desires are designed into the vehicle; the response to desires is up to the driver.
You cannot hide from life. You cannot hide from feelings. Feelings are part of life's scenery. Stride purposefully through your homeland.
Our refuge lies in acceptance. Healing begins with giving up the unreal. Then proper action can begin to make real change.
Did you know that everyone is holy? So are your shoes. So is walking. So is your perplexity. So is your understanding. Mystery within mystery.
Happiness lasts as long as a breeze. It gusts and fades. Grudges sit like rocks in the gut, undigested. Grudges are not purged by complaining or retaliation. They dissolve with thanks and service.
Greed is not erased by acquiring more. It disappears with giving and other focus and alternate purposes. Victory implies defeat and so may breed resentment. Trust is constructed; it cannot be demanded.
You become like your partners and companions. Invest your life in those whom you wish to resemble, those whom you admire. Learn from everyone.
Those who are not dominated by their feelings are free. Those who are not governed by moods are resilient. Those who know the scope of emotions yet guide their behavior with care have the opportunity to be fully human.
On this trip you must make your own road map, drive your own vehicle, take your own souvenir snapshots. The journey is not easy and the end is unclear. Don't look so far ahead that you crash into an obstacle right before you. Don't focus upon the speck on your windshield either. Someone else made the roads, the vehicle, the map materials, the camera. It is not your journey alone. Don't miss the panoramic view.
Love, confidence, happiness and success are well covered by sportswriters, but they are not the whole ball game. It takes work to get in shape, learn the rules, and play well. Trophies aren't awarded for feelings alone. Trophies or not good team members know who they are, whatever happens after the game.
Obsession with money or fame or self-improvement or love or power or education or goodness or anything at all puts you in a cage. You can trap yourself in numberless ways. Free yourself by giving yourself over to Reality. Notice what Reality presents you that needs doing. Do it. A cage's bars restrict vision.
You need not be enslaved by passions. They are messengers, not conquerors. The messages come in envelopes of joy and suffering and love and boredom. Open the envelopes, read the messages, and look to other sources for more information.
Everyone prefers praise to blame. No one enjoys the former and avoids the latter all of the time. Praise and blame envelopes contain messages, too. Treat them as above.
Speech contains messages, too, of course. Send message gifts to others and to yourself. May your gifts be well-considered and worthy of the recipients. May they be wrapped thoughtfully in envelopes of quality.
"For all have sinned" is a generality easily dismissed. That you and I, individually/personally, have sought our own convenience at the expense of others, that we have misled and misrepresented and misinterpreted in our own favor, that we have failed to act when others needed us and acted hurtfully in revenge--the details of those wrongs lie more heavily on us when we fail to evade the memories.
That Reality's representatives keep paying us and feeding us and otherwise sustaining us, in spite of our imperfection, is a marvel! In our nasty moments as well as our generous ones Reality upholds us. Undeserving of this largess we opt to ignore it, to dismiss it, to accept it as our due.
No one pays off this debt. No one earns her keep. No one burns out from giving so much and taking so little. We are all takers, sometimes crippled and corrupt takers, momentary villains.
Create moments of service, moments of working on the debt, moments of self-loss in the interest of others.
Who does good consistently? Temporary virtue is no big problem. Transitory kindness is relatively easy. Momentary generosity is certainly possible. We fly and fall in fits and starts.
Yet there are no in-between moments, no time-outs in life. Each waking moment calls to our awareness. Attention, attention, attention.
We compare ourselves with others, causing suffering and exultation. We invent standards and limitations and ideals and other echoes. Attend to the voice before the echo. The voice, too, is worth hearing.
We showcase ourselves to others while examining their faults microscopically. However, no cosmetic can cover our pockmarks in a storm, including the blemishes we tried to hide from ourselves.
Do not be fooled. No path is easy.
Shouting down the speech of others is wrong. But you don't have to listen. Bullies are cowards in disguise. Gangs are groups of cowards.
Academic degrees tell us about persistence, not about intellect or educational level. Too many lawyers fail to separate personal interest and justice. Too many psychotherapists fail to separate personal interest and the client's well being. Too many lawmakers fail to separate personal interest and the good of the people. Too many writers and producers and directors fail to separate personal interest and concern for society. Too many spiritual shopkeepers fail to separate personal interest and doing right.
Those who invent new ways to scam others are doubly hurtful.
Old age represents wrinkles and life experience but not necessarily wisdom.
Speech is an aerosol spray with residue. Spray carefully. Silence, too, leaves residue and should be sprayed carefully
In order for us to live ordinary lives other living things must die--carrots, wheat, rice, for food, trees for paper, animals for oil, the insects on windshields, too. No hands are without blood. So apologize and thank while eating, while writing, while driving--all day long. No one sleeps alone.
No one can live this constructive life for you. You cannot hire or inherit a substitute. Your effort is essential. In spite of pain, criticism, sorrow, recession, anger, frustration, or ecstasy only you can direct your life.
Whether phenomena are really unreal or not you would do well to change the oil in your car and wash your clothes. Living creatures act as though reality were real or they die. Accept reality as it is. Then change it as necessary.
Thought, speech, and non-verbal action come with increasing levels of control and responsibility in that order.
Motivation talk is no more than empty annotation on behavior, a kind of psychological riffing. For whatever mysterious reasons, we do what we do. Do not wait for sufficient motivation or proper motivation to do what is right.
Desires are natural. Without desires there would be no satisfaction. They need not be and cannot be absolutely and permanently suppressed. The expression of desires in behavior, however, lies within the realm of moral responsibility for each human.
Accept desires as they are, and proceed with proper behavior.
You must decide whether to eat dessert first or after your meal. Putting off meals altogether in favor of desserts leads to poor health and divided attention. Tasks, too, are your life.
Stay alert for Realities messages. Keep purposes in mind. Fit actions to Reality's commands. Convert yourself into Reality's aide. Disappear in the doing.
The natural mind flows. The neurotic mind fixates and chimes. The natural mind emphasizes the real--I did, he didn't, she did, it is. The neurotic mind obsesses on the unreal--if only I, she shouldn't have, he might have, I wish I had.
Life arrives with unavoidable suffering. Some suffering can be evaded, however, with reasonable and realistic thought and action.
You may not be recognized and praised for doing your best, you may not accomplish all of your goals while doing your best, you may have to endure misery while doing your best, but doing your best becomes you.
When is a lie a lie? For whose convenience, for whose benefit were the words uttered? Telling a lie complicates life, requires memory, and divides attention.
Power can be used to protect or seduce, to build or destroy, to benefit or to harm. Who has power without being seduced by its personal benefits? What is your purpose? Whose purpose is it?
Sex can result in love or hate, intimacy or distance, courage or fear, joy or sorrow. Who has sex without being seduced by its personal benefits? What is your purpose? Whose purpose is it?
Cling to right purposes during squalls of passion. Cling to life purposes with a death grip. Clear purposes are life's compasses. Refer to them repeatedly.
Don't show off humility or simplicity or piety. Don't pressure others to be your mirrors. Use all tissues thoughtfully and thoroughly.
Feelings of shame are informative. A lack of feelings of shame is informative, too. Examine your life in detail while scouring this moment's behavior clean.
Fear is a messenger not a dictator. Note the message and get on with life. Guilt, too, brings commentary not paralysis. These symbolic invoices are presented to you; what you do about them is your responsibility.
Life is sometimes hard. The memoranda of feelings are sometimes severe. Thoughts wander and circle and freeze and caper mischievously.
Your thoughts are influenced by the companions with whom you invest your life. Select companions whose behavior and thought processes you wish to imitate. If none there be, spend your time alone with the distilled thinking of worthy media companions (books, for example).
Take time to enjoy life. Pleasant friends and surroundings can transport moods into sunlight. Beloved work can push grief away. Embracing Reality may be difficult, but Reality always embraces you.
Repeatedly giving in to whims loosens the reins of your mind. Repeatedly acting on impulse sets the mind looking for new impulses. Manage your mind/body with care. You can't ever escape from Reality. So root yourself in it.
You may attempt to understand the sources and dimensions of emotions, but such knowledge still wouldn't result in control of them. Emotions appear so quickly and in such varied, complex forms that no one has time or capability to understand them completely. Most important is to accept them as they are and go on about doing what needs to be done.
We are reborn moment by moment. No one flees from the fresh moments. The past is gone. Learn from it, but don't dwell on it. The future is not yet. Plan for it, but act on your plans in the present. To do lists alone don't put gas in the car.
No one escapes from desires and lives. No one lacks a Teacher. No one lacks freedom. No one lacks borrowed treasure. No one owns anything.
Monitor your behavior. You cannot rewind it. Offer your words as thoughtful presents to others. Measure yourself by your own benchmark, but don't ignore the benchmarks of others.
Wisdom is not accumulated merely by reading. Wisdom is not accumulated merely by thinking. Actions bring response from Reality and the opportunity to acquire life-experience wisdom. Wisdom is sometimes painfully acquired. No one else can acquire it for you.
What is doing good? Why do good? The answers to these questions you must discover for yourself. There are answers. Many have talked and written about their estimation of the answers. Acquiring such information from others may be a useful but preliminary step in making your judgment. Your judgment may change over time.
Moments of goodness are not inherited. Don't allow your borrowed possessions to possess you. Social and economic pressures are real but not absolute. Don't allow yourself to be manipulated by greed or fear. Don't make attempts to influence others without thought for their convenience. Short-term gains with long-term toxic results are not gains.
Teach what you know to be true, but you cannot control the student's learning. Learn in order to teach; teach in order to learn. As much as possible earn your income.
Recognize momentary heavens and hells and homelessness.
You are welcome to lay down your burdens of outdated concepts and useless belongings and fatty egos and unnecessary suffering.
You don't know me. I don't know you. Yet these words have meaning for us.
The end
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